Changu Narayan Temple

Located in Changu Narayan Municipality of Bhaktapur district, this temple is considered the oldest temple in Nepal. Dedicated to Lord Vishnu (Narayan), this temple was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.

History

The establishment of Changu Narayan Temple is believed to have been done around 323 AD (4th century) by Licchavi King Haridutta Barma. An inscription from 464 AD found in the temple complex, from the time of King Manadeva I, is considered the first verified written document in the history of Nepal. Its current structure was reconstructed during the Malla period after a fire in 1702 AD.

Architecture and Sculpture

This temple is built in a two-story pagoda style. Changu Narayan is also called an "open museum of stone sculpture". Among the major statues here, the 5th-century human-shaped Garuda, Vishnu Vikranta where Vishnu measured the universe in three steps, Vishwarup showing the universal form of Vishnu, and the statues of Narasimha avatar are world-famous. Artistic woodcraft of various avatars of Vishnu and gods and goddesses are carved on the struts of the temple.

Main Festivals and Jatras

• Changu Narayan Jatra: This is the main festival here, celebrated in the month of Ashoj/Kartik.
• Haribodhini Ekadashi: A large fair is held here on the day of Kartik Shukla Ekadashi. This festival is celebrated in the belief that Lord Vishnu woke up after four months of sleep.
• Other Festivals: Special religious festivals also take place on the occasions of Nag Panchami, Harishayani Ekadashi, and Fagu Purnima.

There is also a separate temple of Goddess Chhinnamasta in the temple complex, which further clarifies the religious importance of this place.

Travel Guide: How to Reach

• Location: Situated on a high hilltop in Bhaktapur, about 12-15 km east of Kathmandu.
• By Local Bus: Buses run from Ratna Park or Bagbazaar in Kathmandu directly to Changu Narayan (approx. 90 mins). From Bhaktapur Durbar Square, local buses take about 20-30 minutes.
• By Taxi/Ride-Sharing: Taxis are readily available from Kathmandu and Bhaktapur.
• By Hiking: A popular scenic hike connects Nagarkot to Changu Narayan (approx. 3-4 hours), offering beautiful views of the valley and mountains.

Best Time to Visit

The best times to visit are October to November and February to April for clear weather. Early mornings (6:00 AM – 9:00 AM) are ideal for a peaceful experience before the main tourist groups arrive.

Visitor Information & Tips

• Entrance Fees: There is an entry fee for international tourists (approx. 300 NPR for foreigners and 100 NPR for SAARC citizens).
• Dress Code: Modest clothing is required.
• Footwear: Shoes and leather items (belts, bags) must be removed before entering the inner temple courtyard.
• Tradition: Always circumambulate the temple in a clockwise direction.
• Museum: Don't miss the private Changu Museum nearby for more historical context.